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Sources, hospitals and tools

الأسبوع 22 · المحور 3، الباب 3 «أصول علم الطب» (ب): المصادر والمستشفيات والأدوات الطبية · 3 دروس
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Papyri and sources

Discover P3 Term 2: Axis 3, Chapter 3
GoalCompare two very old medical papyri, and tell primary sources from secondary sources.
New words
primary source · information made by someone who was there at the time, or an original object from that timesecondary source · information made later by someone who studied the pastcompare · to find how things are the same and how they are differentremedy · a way people used to try to feel better when they were ill
Explanation

Two very old medical papyri from ancient Egypt have been kept until today. Both are about the same age, more than three thousand years old. The first is mostly about injuries. It tells a doctor how to look at the patient, what to ask, and what might happen next. The second is about many different illnesses. It lists many remedies made from plants and other things, it has a section about the heart and the blood vessels, and it also includes writing that we would call magic. Today we do not use these remedies as advice. We use these papyri to learn how people thought long ago. A papyrus is a primary source, because it was made at the time. A book that a modern writer wrote about the papyri is a secondary source. A letter, an old photo and a coin from long ago are primary sources. A textbook, an encyclopedia and a TV programme about history are secondary sources.

primary sourcesecondary source
Worked examples
First papyrusSecond papyrus
Mostly aboutinjuriesmany illnesses
Agevery oldvery old, about the same
Special parthow to examine a patienta section on the heart and vessels
Two papyri compared.
lettertextbook
Primary or secondary? Karim finds his grandmother’s old letter: primary. He reads about the same time in his school textbook: secondary.
01234553primarysecondarysources
Counting sources. Mina has 8 sources: 5 primary and 3 secondary. 5 + 3 = 8.
Class activity

Source hunt. At home or in school, find six sources about the past, for example an old photo, a family letter, a school book, a coin or an encyclopedia. Ask a grown-up to help. Sort them into primary and secondary. Make a table with the columns Source, Primary or secondary, and What it tells me. Do not take anything from a museum or share private family papers online.

Practice
1
Is a very old papyrus a primary or a secondary source?
2
Is an encyclopedia a primary or a secondary source?
3
Name one way the two papyri are different.
4
A class has 12 sources. 7 are primary. How many are secondary?
sources7?12