☰ Содержание · Литература (узбекская)

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Khoja and his tales

Уроки 16–17 · 2 урока · Q. Yo‘ldoshev, V. Qodirov, J. Yo‘ldoshbekov. Literature: textbook for Grade 9 of general secondary schools. Revised and expanded 4th edition. “O‘zbekiston” NMIU, Tashkent, 2019
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Khoja: his life and work

Textbook: pp. 87–89
ЦельKnow Khoja’s life, his public and literary work, and the wordplay skill of the ghazal “Kechadur”.
Новые слова
shaykh ul-Islam (senior religious scholar-official) · shayxulislomdivan (collection of a poet’s poems) · devonnazira (a poem written in answer to a model) · naziraradif (repeated word at line ends) · radif
Объяснение

Poshshoxoja ibn Abdulvahhobxoja (Khoja) was a statesman, religious figure and poet in both lyric and epic genres, born in 1480 in the ancient city of Niso near Ashgabat in a family of a shaykh ul-Islam, a descendant of Tashkent’s saint Zangi Ota. At sixteen he began work at the Timurid court, later under the Shaybanids he was governor of the Darun district and a courtier in Karmana; from 1529 he served as shaykh ul-Islam of Herat and from 1534 of Balkh. Late in life he returned to Bukhara and gave himself to writing; he died in 1547 and was buried beside Bahouddin Naqshband. His Turkic and Persian divans have not survived, but his ghazal “Kechadur” has, and when it was sent to Bobur he praised it. In this ghazal the radif “kechadur” is used in many meanings – passes, is a night, gives up – so the lines can be read in several ways; this is an example of tajnis. Khoja’s dastan “Maqsad ul-atvor” (1514–1520) was written as a nazira to Nizomiy’s “Makhzan ul-asror”.

Примеры
Example: in the first line of the ghazal “kechadur” reads both as “passes” and as “is a night”: the lover’s daytime passes in lament, or his day becomes a dark night full of lament. One word giving two meanings enriches the line and shows the poet’s skill.
Example: Khoja’s books “Miftoh ul-adl” (1508–1510) and “Gulzor” (1538) are collections of tales; so in literary history he is remembered above all as an author of tales.
Работа в классе

Make a table of the important years in Khoja’s life (1480, 1529, 1534, 1547) and the matching events. Quiz each other in pairs.

Упражнения
1
When and where was Khoja born, and when did he die?
2
In which cities was Khoja shaykh ul-Islam?
3
What function does the radif perform in the ghazal “Kechadur”?
4
Why is Khoja remembered mostly as an author of tales?