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About “Alpomish”: features of the folk dastan
Уроки 8 · 1 урок · Q. Yo‘ldoshev, V. Qodirov, J. Yo‘ldoshbekov. Literature: textbook for Grade 9 of general secondary schools. Revised and expanded 4th edition. “O‘zbekiston” NMIU, Tashkent, 2019
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About the dastan “Alpomish”
Textbook: pp. 45–46
ЦельKnow the features, kinds and verse form of the folk dastan, using “Alpomish” as the example.
“Doston” is a Persian word meaning tale, story or adventure. A folk dastan is a large epic work of unknown authorship in which the hard trials of heroes with extraordinary qualities are told in mixed verse and prose. Scholars have identified about a hundred and fifty dastans sung by Uzbek bards, and with variants nearly four hundred have been written down; the “Go‘ro‘g‘li” cycle has over a hundred, and “Alpomish” alone exists in more than forty versions. Folk dastans divide into heroic, war-chronicle, romantic, historical and book-based kinds. The verse in a dastan is mostly in syllabic (barmoq) metre with eleven syllables; fast action such as galloping horses and battles is given in short seven- or eight-syllable lines. The dastan reflects the life and customs of the herding Uzbeks, and its language mostly shows features of the Kipchak dialect.
Примеры
Example: “Alpomish” is a heroic dastan – its main idea is the defence of the honour of people and beloved. Barchin’s conditions and trials like the race and wrestling are typical devices of folk epic.
Example: Alpomish does not say Oybarchin’s name in front of strangers – a custom of protecting a girl’s honour. The wedding scene recalls old rites such as “kampir o‘ldi”, “it irillar” and “choch siypatar”, showing the historical layer of folk life.
Работа в классе
Split the class into two teams. One team names a feature of the dastan (for example, the mix of prose and verse), the other gives an example from the dastan. Take turns.
Упражнения
1
What is a folk dastan? Define it in your own words.
A large epic work of unknown authorship, in mixed verse and prose, depicting the heroes’ hard trials.
2
Into which kinds are folk dastans divided?
Heroic, war-chronicle, romantic, historical and book-based dastans.
3
What does it mean that “Alpomish” has more than forty versions?
Because the dastan was created orally and sung by different bards in their own way, many variants arose.
4
Why are galloping and battles given in seven- or eight-syllable lines?
Short lines give a fast, forceful rhythm that conveys speed of action; eleven-syllable lines suit calmer thought and dialogue.