Spelling of the consonants D, T, J, F, V

The consonants f and v are also sometimes heard differently from how they are written. In speech some people say f close to p: fabrika (factory) — «pabrika», fasl (season) — «pasl»; but these words are written with f. Voiced v, when it comes before an unvoiced consonant, sounds like f: ovqat (food) — «ofqat», avtobus — «aftobus», avtograf — «aftograf»; in writing v is kept. So we remember how such words are spelled and, when in doubt, look in a spelling dictionary.