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Ahmad Yassaviy: life and hikmats
Уроки 7–8 · 2 урока · B. To‘xliyev, B. Karimov, K. Usmonova. Literature: textbook-collection for Grade 10 of secondary schools and for students of secondary specialised and vocational institutions, Parts 1–2. 1st edition. “O‘zbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi” State Scientific Publishing House, Tashkent, 2017
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Ahmad Yassaviy and his hikmats
Textbook: Part 1, pp. 49–52
ЦельKnow Ahmad Yassaviy’s life and the content of his “Hikmats”.
Новые слова
wise poem of moral teaching (hikmat) · hikmatSufism, mystical-ethical teaching · tasavvufpen name · taxallusthe lower self, base desires · nafs
Объяснение
According to the textbook, information on Ahmad Yassaviy’s life is scarce: he was born in the town of Sayram near Yassi; his father Ibrohim was one of the well-known sheikhs of Turkestan, and his mother is known as Qorasoch momo. His father died in his youth; he was first brought up by Arslonbobo, then studied in Bukhara under Yusuf Hamadoniy. He died in 1166; Amir Temur had a mausoleum built over his grave in Turkistan in 1395–1397, and it still stands. The “Hikmats” (“Devoni hikmat”) gather about 240 poems; in them the author used pen names such as “Qul Xoja Ahmad” and “Miskin Ahmad”. Yassaviy put the essence of the four stages of Sufism – shariat, tariqat, ma’rifat, haqiqat – into verse and saw Sufism as a factor raising a person’s spirituality. In the first hikmat in the textbook the marks of a true lover are listed: giving up base desires, contentment, labour and loyalty.
Примеры
Example: the first hikmat in the textbook opens by addressing a false lover, warning him not to make claims to love – the poet contrasts him with the one whose love is real through labour and loyalty.
Example: in the second hikmat the poet calls himself a humble “faqir” and ends by giving his name (Ahmad) and his land (Turkistan).
Работа в классе
Find Sayram, Yassi (Turkistan) and Bukhara on a map and tell Yassaviy’s life along this route in 3 sentences.
Упражнения
1
Where was Ahmad Yassaviy born and when did he die?
Born in Sayram near Yassi; died in 1166.
2
Who had his mausoleum built, and when?
Amir Temur, in 1395–1397, in Turkistan.
3
By what other name is the collection known and how many poems does it have?
“Devoni hikmat”; about 240 poems.
4
Why does Yassaviy urge control of the nafs? Explain from the content of the hikmat.
Because one who follows base desires cannot be a true lover; one who conquers them through contentment, labour and loyalty reaches spiritual maturity.