Routines and rules: -s verbs, must, mustn’t
We use the present simple for routines. With he, she and it we add -s: she works. After ch, sh, s and o we add -es: catch, catches; wash, washes; go, goes. If a verb ends in y after a consonant, we drop the y and add -ies: fly, flies; study, studies. Have is special: he has. Now rules. We use must for something we have to do: A vet must be kind. We use mustn’t for something that is not allowed: You mustn’t run in a laboratory. After must we use the plain verb with no -s: He must wear gloves.
| I / you / we / they | he / she / it |
|---|---|
| work | works |
| eat | eats |
| catch | catches |
| wash | washes |
| fly | flies |
| study | studies |
| go | goes |
| have | has |
What does your mother do?
She is a nurse. She wakes up at five o’clock and she catches a bus to the hospital.
What must she do at work?
She must wash her hands. She mustn’t be late.
Hassan’s father is a baker. He gets up at four o’clock every morning. He washes his hands and he makes the dough. He must wear a clean apron, and he mustn’t touch the hot oven without gloves. At seven o’clock the shop opens, and people buy fresh bread. In the afternoon he goes home and sleeps. He is tired, but he loves his job.
Routine mime. The child mimes a worker, for example a baker or a pilot. The grown-up says a sentence: He bakes bread. She flies a plane. Then the child says one thing the worker must do and one thing the worker mustn’t do.