Shakespeare and the tragedy “Hamlet”

William Shakespeare was born on 23 April 1564 in Stratford, England; his father John held various posts in the town, and his mother Mary was the daughter of an impoverished nobleman. He studied at the town school. In 1582 he married a girl named Anne Hathaway and had three children. In 1592 he went to London and acted in the theatre; in 1593 he published the narrative poem “Venus and Adonis”, then “Lucrece”. The Globe theatre was built in London in 1599 (the textbook gives 1598), and Shakespeare was one of its shareholders; in 1603 King James took the troupe under his protection. He returned to his home town in 1612 and died on 23 April 1616. In his creative life he wrote thirty-six dramatic works, 154 sonnets and several narrative poems; most of his plays were printed in 1623, seven years after his death. Tragedies like “Hamlet” (1601), “Othello”, “Macbeth”, “King Lear” and “Romeo and Juliet” and comedies like “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” and “The Merchant of Venice” have never left the world’s stages. “Hamlet” was translated into Uzbek by Cho‘lpon in the 1930s, and Jamol Kamol translated it from the original. The textbook also notes that information about Shakespeare’s life is scarce and that there are debates about the authorship of some works.