Latitudinal zonality and sectoriality of the geographic envelope

Latitudinal zonality is the regular change of nature's components and geosystems from the equator to the poles; its main cause is the change in the angle of the Sun's rays because the Earth is round. The largest zonal units are climatic belts, within which natural zones are distinguished by the ratio of heat and moisture; each has its own soils, plants and animals. Dokuchaev laid the foundations of the law of zonality. Sectoriality is the change of climate (maritime, temperate continental, sharply continental and so on) and the corresponding nature from the ocean toward the interior of a continent. Azonality does not obey zonality and is linked to the Earth's inner processes and local factors: rocks, relief, groundwater and human activity. Examples are swamps, saline flats, riverside tugai thickets and oases created in deserts by bringing in water. Although most of Uzbekistan lies in the desert zone, its people and large cities are concentrated mainly in oases. Zonal and azonal features act together everywhere, which is why nature is so varied.