Uzbekistan’s role in countering extremism and terrorism disguised as religion

Extremism (Latin “extremus” – outermost, extreme) is the attempt to promote and carry out ideas contrary to the accepted rules of society through violence or hostility; fanaticism is making one view absolute and not recognising the views of others; terrorism is the use of violence to frighten the civilian population for political or ideological aims. Religious extremism acts under the cover of religion, but the religious leaders and scholars of the world’s religions declare that attacking the lives of innocent people is contrary to their teachings. Such acts above all violate a person’s right to life, create hostility and fear in society, and their victims are often civilians, including children. Extremist groups often target young people who feel lonely, are poorly informed or are in financial difficulty, and try to influence them through the internet and secretive communication. Warning signs: a sharp division into “us” and “them”, calls to hatred, separation from family and friends, and pressure to keep things secret. Lawful measures: Uzbekistan has laws on Combating Terrorism (2000) and on Combating Extremism (2018) as well as criminal and administrative liability; the activity of extremist organisations, membership of them and the distribution of their materials are prohibited. Internationally, after the attacks of 11 September 2001 the UN Security Council strengthened the fight against terrorism; Uzbekistan has joined many international treaties. The most effective prevention is education, critical thinking, open communication with trusted adults and obeying the law.