Lessons 1 · 1 lessons · E. Sariqov, B. Xaydarov. Fundamentals of Economic Knowledge (Economics), Grade 9, 4th edition. “Huquq va Jamiyat” publishing house, Tashkent, 2019
1
Entrepreneurship
Textbook: pp. 8–11
GoalKnow what entrepreneurship is, the qualities of an entrepreneur, a business idea and a business plan, and the types of entrepreneurship (production, trade, financial, insurance).
Entrepreneurship is when a person who aims at profit, and also accepts the risk of loss, puts their own money, property and knowledge to work to make goods or provide services; such a person is called an entrepreneur. In a market economy the ability to run a business is counted as the fourth factor of production, because it joins land and natural resources, capital and labour into one activity. Every business starts from a business idea, but the idea alone is not enough: it must be tested with a business plan based on calculations, and only then will a bank or partner trust it with money. Entrepreneurship has four types: production (making goods), trade (buying and selling at a higher price), financial (working with money and securities) and insurance (a guarantee to cover unexpected loss in return for payments). It creates new jobs, supplies consumers with goods and fills the state treasury with the taxes it pays. An entrepreneur should be hardworking, show initiative and responsibility, obey the law and compete fairly.
Worked examples
Nodira wants to open a bakery. First she counted how much bread is sold daily in neighbouring districts, worked out the costs of flour, rent and wages, and then wrote the results into a business plan and went to a bank. This is the move from an idea to a plan based on calculation.
Sardor buys apples at the wholesale market for 6 000 so‘m per kg and sells them in his shop for 8 000 so‘m — this is trade; the price difference (2 000 so‘m) is his source of income, but rent and other costs must still be paid from it. An insurance company takes 300 000 so‘m a year from a homeowner and guarantees to cover the damage if a fire happens — this is insurance.
Class activity
“Business idea market”. Groups think of three ideas that suit their district and write for each one sentence: who the customer is, what the main cost is and what the risk is. The class picks the best-supported idea. No real money is spent; everything stays on paper.
Which type is it: a) lending money for interest; b) reselling bought books at a higher price?
a) financial entrepreneurship; b) trade
3
A trader bought 120 notebooks at 4 000 so‘m and sold them at 5 500 so‘m. If all are sold, how many so‘m in total come from the price difference (before costs)?
180000
4
Why is a good idea alone not enough for a business?
Without calculation an idea does not show costs, income or risk; to convince a bank and partners it must be backed by a business plan.