☰ Contents · Natural science

Immunity; health review; the research project

Lessons 29–31 · 3 lessons · Y.V. Malikova, S.V. Kosyanenko. Natural Science Grade 4, Part 1. Novda Edutainment, Tashkent, 2023; S.V. Kosyanenko, Y.V. Malikova, O.E. Tigay. Natural Science Grade 4, Part 2. Novda Edutainment, Tashkent, 2023
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The research project

Textbook: Part 1, pp. 132–133
GoalKnow the parts of a research project (introduction, aim, tasks, object, subject, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion) and write a simple project plan.
New words
aim · maqsadtask · vazifaobject of study · obyektsurvey · so‘rovnoma
Explanation

A research project is built step by step. 1) Introduction: what the topic is and why it matters. 2) Aim: why you are doing the research. 3) Tasks: the work needed to reach the aim (collecting information, reading, observing, concluding). 4) Object: what you study. 5) Subject: which side of the object you study. 6) Hypothesis: your guess. 7) Experiment or observation, survey. 8) Conclusion: was the hypothesis confirmed or not. For example, on the topic “How much water do school pupils drink a day?”: aim — to learn about the habit of drinking water; object — classmates; subject — the amount of water they drink; hypothesis — “most drink less than 1 litre a day”. You run a survey, count the results, put them in a table and draw a conclusion. Even if the hypothesis is not confirmed, that is an important result. Topic ideas: hygiene, healthy sleep, proper nutrition, clean air, gadgets and eyes, physical activity, hardening, the role of plants and animals in our life, bacteria and viruses.

Worked examples
Work plan: 1) write a question sheet for 10 classmates; 2) collect the answers; 3) make a table and chart; 4) draw a conclusion.
Hypothesis not confirmed: most drink more than 1 litre a day — this too is a useful conclusion.
Class activity

Project presentation: write all 8 parts of a project plan for your chosen topic on one page and explain it to the class in two minutes.

Practice
1
Say the difference between object and subject of study.
2
What is a hypothesis? Write one for the topic “Sleep and mood”.
3
List the stages of a research project in order.
4
What should you do if the hypothesis is not confirmed?