Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur and Muhammad Shaybani Khan
Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur was born in Andijan on 14 February 1483; when his father Umar Shaykh Mirza died in 1494, the 12-year-old Babur took the throne of Fergana and at first ruled with the help of trusted begs and his mother Qutlugh Nigar Khanum. His dream was to take Samarkand, the capital of his grandfather Amir Temur: in 1497 he besieged Baysunghur for over seven months and took the city, but when a revolt broke out in Fergana in favour of his brother Jahangir he had to return to Andijan. Sultan Ali Mirza seized Samarkand in 1498; in 1500 Shaybani Khan took it without a fight, and in the autumn of 1500 Babur took Samarkand a second time. In 1501, after a six-month siege, with no help coming from Husayn Boyqara or from his maternal uncle Sultan Mahmud Khan in Kashgar, Babur agreed to a harsh truce with Shaybani Khan and left Samarkand. In 1504 he established his rule in the Kabul region, formed a disciplined army, made the Bala Hisar fortress his residence and laid out gardens such as Bagh-i Babur; when Husayn Boyqara died suddenly in 1506, the Timurid princes could not form an alliance against the enemy.
“Babur’s road”: draw the route Andijan — Samarkand — Kabul on a map and write the dates along it.