Logic in a spreadsheet: practical lesson

In a practical lesson we work out a formula’s value ourselves before the computer does, then compare. =IF(A1>100; 100; A1) caps a score at 100: a number above 100 is replaced by 100 and the others stay (the ready MIN(A1; 100) function does the same). Watch the boundary value: for the rule “60 or more – passed”, writing =IF(A1>60; "passed"; "failed") wrongly gives “failed” for A1 = 60; the right formula is =IF(A1>=60; "passed"; "failed"). If we copy a formula to another cell, relative references shift: =A1*2 in B1 becomes =A3*2 when copied to B3. Frequent mistakes: a misspelled function name gives #NAME?, mixing text with numbers gives #VALUE!, dividing by zero gives #DIV/0!, and text without quotation marks also gives #NAME?; a narrow column shows #####. The number of brackets must match and the separator (; or ,) must fit the settings. Test every formula with at least three kinds of values: for example negative, zero and positive, or below the boundary, the boundary itself and above it. Get the program legally: free LibreOffice or Google Sheets exist, so do not use cracked copies.