Lessons 20 · 1 lessons · B. Boltayev, A. Azamatov, A. Asqarov, M. Sodiqov, G. Azamatova. Fundamentals of Informatics and Computer Technology, Grade 8. Second edition. “O‘zbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi” State Scientific Publishing House, Tashkent, 2015
20
Elements of a spreadsheet
Textbook: pp. 92–97
GoalKnows the cell, its address, a block of cells, data types, and relative and absolute references, and copies formulas.
New words
cell address: column letter plus row number, e.g. B3 · katakcha adresirange (block) of cells: a rectangle of cells written with a colon, e.g. C2:D4 · katakchalar blokirelative reference: an address that changes when the formula is copied · nisbiy murojaatabsolute reference: an address with $ signs that stays fixed when copied · absolyut murojaat
Explanation
A table consists of cells at the crossing of rows and columns; each cell’s address is made from the column letter and row number (B3, AZ105). The selected cell is called the current cell. A block (range) of cells is written with two opposite corner addresses: C2:D4 means cells C2, C3, C4, D2, D3, D4. A cell can contain text, a number, a date, a time, a formula or a function; a formula always begins with “=” (=A1+7*B2). If a number does not fit, ##### is shown – widen the column. To edit, select the cell and press F2; to clear, press Delete; Alt+Enter starts a new line inside a cell; formatting (font, colour, border, number type) is in the Ctrl+1 window. A reference is the use of another cell’s address in a formula. A relative reference changes when copied: copying =A4+C2 from B5 to B6 gives =A5+C3. In an absolute reference the $ sign fixes the address: $B$4 never changes; in $B4 the column is fixed, in B$4 the row. The F4 key switches the reference type while editing. A cell or block can be given a name (in the Name Box) and the name used in formulas instead of the address.
Worked examples
Relative copy: let C2 hold =B1+$D$2. Copying it to E5 (2 columns right, 3 rows down) changes B1 to D4 while $D$2 stays: =D4+$D$2.