Lessons 15 · 1 lessons · B. Boltayev, A. Azamatov, A. Asqarov, M. Sodiqov, G. Azamatova. Fundamentals of Informatics and Computer Technology, Grade 8. Second edition. “O‘zbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi” State Scientific Publishing House, Tashkent, 2015
15
The Windows operating system
Textbook: pp. 68–73
GoalKnows the history of Windows, its main features and objects (window, icon, shortcut, recycle bin, taskbar) and the ways to finish work.
New words
window: a rectangular area on the screen in which a program or folder is shown · oynaicon: a small picture that stands for a file, folder or program · piktogrammashortcut: a small file that opens another file, folder or program quickly · yorliqRecycle Bin: a special folder where deleted files wait until they are permanently removed · savatcha
Explanation
Windows is the graphical operating system of the Microsoft company. The first version (Windows 1.0) appeared in 1985, Windows 3.0 (1990) became popular, and Windows 95 became a standalone graphical OS; later came Windows 98, 2000, XP (2001), 7 (2009), 10 (2015) and 11 (2021). The main features of Windows are multitasking (several programs and windows at once), a unified interface (windows, menus and buttons look alike in all programs), graphical control (choosing with the mouse or touch instead of typing commands) and exchange of data between programs through the Clipboard. In Windows everything is an object: a drive, file, folder, printer; each has properties such as name, size and type. The desktop holds icons, shortcuts and the Recycle Bin, with the taskbar at the bottom showing the Start button and running programs. The mouse pointer changes shape depending on the object (context sensitivity). If you delete a shortcut, the original file is not deleted. A deleted file goes to the Recycle Bin and can be restored. To finish work choose “Shut down”, “Restart” or “Sleep” in Start → Power; on the desktop Alt+F4 opens the same window. Save your documents first.
Worked examples
Shortcut and file: we deleted the “Hisobot” shortcut from the desktop – the original file stays on drive D:, because the shortcut is only a pointer to it.
Recycle Bin: an accidentally deleted file goes to the Recycle Bin. Open it, select the file and choose “Restore”, and it returns to its old folder. If the bin is emptied, the file is gone for good.
Class activity
“Desktop tour”: pupils name 8 objects on the computer desktop (icon, shortcut, Recycle Bin, Start, taskbar, clock, search, windows) and state each one’s job.
Practice
1
Name four main features of Windows.
Multitasking, unified interface, graphical control, data exchange through the Clipboard.
2
Order Windows 95, Windows 7 and Windows 11 by year of release.
Windows 95 (1995), Windows 7 (2009), Windows 11 (2021).
3
What is the difference between deleting a shortcut and deleting a file?
If a shortcut is deleted the original file stays; if a file is deleted the data itself goes to the Recycle Bin.
4
Why must you save documents before finishing work?
An unsaved document is in RAM and is lost when the computer shuts down.