Agro-industrial complex and agriculture

Agriculture consists of crop growing and livestock farming. In industry raw material is the object of labour and the machine the means of labour, but in agriculture land is both the object and the means of labour. Yield depends on the state of the land, so reclamation measures are carried out: levelling, irrigation, leaching salt, digging drains. Plants and animals follow the laws of nature, so much work is seasonal. Agriculture was supplied with machinery, electricity, fertilizer and new varieties and productivity rose; such a deep change is called the “Green Revolution”. If gross output grows by enlarging sown area and the herd, it is extensive agriculture; if by raising yield and productivity, it is intensive. Because land and water are limited, the main path for Uzbekistan is intensive development: better reclamation, breeding, modern agrotechnology and saving water (for example drip irrigation). Developing virgin lands raises the sown area, but growth of cities, industry, roads and housing, and salinization or desertification, reduce it. The share of agriculture in GDP is falling, which shows that the structure of the economy has changed.