Turkic literature and religious sciences

In the 9th–12th centuries scholars of Transoxiana contributed greatly to the Islamic sciences. Imam al-Bukhari (810–870) compiled “al-Jami’ as-sahih” (7,275 hadiths according to the book), and Abu Isa at-Tirmidhi (824–892) was his contemporary. Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (870–944) wrote “Kitab at-Tawhid” on kalam and died in Samarkand. Burhanuddin al-Marghinani (born 1117 in Rishton) was the author of the four-volume “al-Hidaya” on fiqh. Bukhara earned the title “Qubbat ul-Islam”, and had a “Madrasa of the Jurists”. Sufism is a teaching that urges honesty, purity and labour; a tariqa is a path of guidance on that way. The Yasawiyya order, founded by Ahmad Yasawi, spread in Turkestan in the 12th century; the Kubrawiyya, founded by Najmuddin Kubra (1145–1221), rejected renouncing the world and called for defending the homeland; the Naqshbandiyya, founded by Bahauddin Naqshband (born 1318), promoted labour and honesty with the motto “Heart with God, hand at work”.