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Jalaluddin Manguberdi: Parvan and the Indus

Lessons 20 · 1 lessons · A. Muhammadjonov (revised in 2017 by F. Sultonov). O‘zbekiston tarixi (IV asrdan XVI asrgacha) (History of Uzbekistan, 4th–16th centuries), Grade 7. Sharq, Tashkent, 2017 (revised 3rd edition)
20

Jalaluddin Manguberdi takes the Khwarazm throne

Textbook: pp. 71–73
GoalDescribe Jalaluddin Manguberdi’s accession, the victories at Valian and Parvan, the battle on the Indus and the results of the invasion.
New words
Jalaluddin Manguberdi · Jaloliddin ManguberdiBattle of Parvan · Parvon jangithe Indus · Sind daryosiconquest · istilo
Explanation

The loss of Bukhara, Samarkand and Khujand forced Muhammad Khwarazmshah to retreat south-west, and many of his amirs deserted him. He died in December 1220 on Ashura island in the Caspian Sea, having named his son Jalaluddin as heir. Jalaluddin defeated the Mongols besieging Valian fortress, then beat the army of Shiki Khutukhu on the Parvan plain near Ghazna (1221). After the victory his commanders quarrelled over the division of spoils and some left the army, weakening Jalaluddin. In November 1221 a fierce battle against Genghis Khan’s army took place on the Indus; Jalaluddin swam across the river on horseback and left the field. According to tradition Genghis Khan admired his courage. As a result of the invasion cities such as Bukhara, Samarkand, Urgench and Merv were ruined, irrigation systems (including the Sultanband at Merv) were destroyed, many craftsmen were taken to Mongolia and Silk Road trade was disrupted.

Worked examples
Chain: Valian → Parvan (1221) → the split → the Indus (November 1221).
Name: the book says “Mankburni” (a mole on his nose) changed into “Manguberdi”.
Class activity

“The leap”: draw the Indus on the board, mark where Jalaluddin crossed and show where the Mongols stood.

Practice
1
Where and when did Muhammad Khwarazmshah die?
2
Why was the battle of Parvan important?
3
Why did Jalaluddin’s strength decline after Parvan?
4
State the long-term results of the Mongol invasion.