Muhammad Fuzuli and the ghazal “So‘r”
Muhammad Sulaymon oghli Fuzuliy was born at the end of the 15th century (the textbook says 1498; sources give different dates) in present-day Iraq, according to the textbook in Karbala, into an educated family; he belonged to the Bayat clan of the Azerbaijani people. He lived in the Iraqi cities of Baghdad, Hilla and Najaf, returned to Karbala at the end of his life and died of plague in 1556. The textbook calls him one of the most famous Turkic poets after Navoiy: he continued Navoiy’s traditions, and without Navoiy Fuzuliy, without Fuzuliy Mashrab could not be imagined at such a level. He compiled divans in Turkic, Persian and Arabic; his Turkic divan holds nearly 300 ghazals, 75 ruba‘is, 42 qit‘as and 27 qasidas, and his ghazals are mainly about love. The ghazal “So‘r” has seven couplets and the radif “o‘landan so‘r” (meaning “ask the one who has been”); in each couplet it sets the true lover, the one who has suffered the pain of love, against a person unaware of love, and tazod (antithesis) is used in many couplets. In the maqta‘ the opposition of lover and ascetic is revealed: one should ask about the joy of love only someone who has love, while the ascetic who renounced the world does not know it.
Write in a table, for each couplet of the ghazal, the pair “whom to ask” and “whom not to ask” (for example, couplet 1: ask the sick, not the healthy).