Этот предмет пока на узбекском и английском: в русских классах вместо него изучают «Русский язык» и «Литературное чтение». Ниже — английская версия.
Introduction and the dastan “Kuntug‘mish”
Уроки 1–2 · 2 урока · S. Olim, S. Ahmedov, R. Qo‘chqorov. Literature, Grade 8: textbook-collection, Parts 1 and 2. G‘afur G‘ulom publishing-printing creative house, Tashkent, 2014 (revised third edition)
1
Introduction: literature as the art of the word
Textbook: Part 1, pp. 4–8
ЦельUnderstand how literature differs from history and how life’s truth becomes artistic truth.
Новые слова
artistic truth · badiiy haqiqattruth of life · hayot haqiqatieternal problems · abadiy muammolarcreator (writer or poet) · ijodkor
Объяснение
A historian must state exactly when, where and why an event happened and who took part. A writer pays more attention to what passed through the heart of a person inside the event, and shows the weight of the whole event through one hero’s fate. Literature is not a copy of life: an event stays “truth of life”, and the creator turns it into “artistic truth” through talent, observation and imagination. A work that follows the passing talk of its day is forgotten soon, while a work about eternal problems such as love and hatred, justice and injustice, courage and cowardice lives on. A good work also shows the richness of the Uzbek language and polishes it further.
Примеры
Example: a newspaper writes: “Yesterday 80 millimetres of rain fell and two streets were flooded.” A story shows one boy running home through mud with his little brother’s boots in his hands while his mother waits at the gate. The first is a report, the second is artistic description.
Example: in Navoiy’s famous couplet the poet says he would bear a wrong done to himself, but would cry out again and again over a wrong done to the people. It shows that the poet is not indifferent to the people’s fate.
Работа в классе
Write an event you witnessed first as a two-sentence “report”, then in 4–5 sentences through one person’s feelings. Say how the two texts differ.
Упражнения
1
How do a historian and a writer approach an event?
The historian gives dates, places, causes and names exactly; the writer shows people’s feelings and the meaning of the event through one hero’s fate.
2
What is an “eternal problem”? Give two examples.
A question that does not vanish with time and makes every generation think, for example justice and injustice, loyalty and betrayal.
3
What must a creator have for life’s truth to become artistic truth?
Natural talent, observation, imagination and constant study.
4
Why can literature not be called copying life?
A copy only repeats, while an artistic work uncovers life’s inner secret and makes the reader think; that is why the art of the word has its own value.