52
Constructing a triangle from its three sides
Textbook: pp. 134–135
GoalConstruct a triangle from three sides, and from a side with its adjacent angles.
New words
construction from three sides · uch tomoni bo‘yicha yasashanalysis · tahlilexistence of a solution · yechim mavjudligiadjacent angles · yopishgan burchaklar
Explanation
Let segments of lengths a, b, c be given, with c the largest. To construct the triangle: lay off AB = c on a line; draw a circle of radius b centred at A and a circle of radius a centred at B; join their intersection C to A and B. Analysis: there is a solution only if the circles intersect, which needs a + b > c (the triangle inequality). If a side c and the adjacent angles α, β are given: take AB = c, lay off α at A and β at B into the same half-plane; the point where the other sides meet is C. The justification comes from the SSS or ASA criteria.
Worked examples
Sides 3, 4, 5 cm: 3 + 4 > 5 — construction possible. 2, 3, 7 cm: 2 + 3 < 7 — impossible.
With AB = 5 cm, ∠A = 70° and ∠B = 60°, vertex C is where the sides meet; ∠C = 180° − 70° − 60° = 50°.
Class activity
“Build a triangle”: construct a triangle with sides 4, 5, 6 cm with compass and straightedge (the point is sharp — be careful).
Practice
1
Can a triangle with sides 5, 6 and 12 cm be constructed?
No, 5 + 6 < 12
2
The triangle with sides 6, 8, 10 cm has perimeter (cm)?
24
3
A triangle has a side with adjacent angles 40° and 75°. Its third angle (degrees)?
65
4
Why can a triangle not always be built from three segments?
If the two smaller sum to no more than the largest, the circles do not intersect.