Geometry as a science: its subject and tasks
Geometry is the science of geometric figures and their properties. “Geo” means earth and “metrio” means to measure, so the word means “earth measuring”: the science appeared in ancient Egypt, where fields had to be re-measured after the Nile flooded. Euclid arranged the knowledge of his time in his book “Elements”, which served as the main textbook for two thousand years. Al-Khwarizmi, Ahmad al-Farghani, Beruni, Ibn Sina and Ulugh Beg also worked in geometry. Flat figures such as a point, segment, angle and triangle lie in one plane; a cube, sphere and pyramid are solid figures. The part of geometry that studies figures in the plane is called planimetry.
“Name the shape”: point to six objects in the room (window, desk top, ball, box, clock, notebook); pupils name the geometric shape of each (rectangle, circle, sphere, box).