☰ Contents · Botany

Diversity of stems and the bud

Lessons 11–12 · 2 lessons · O. Pratov, A. Tukhtaev, F. Azimova, I. Saparboev, M. Umaraliyeva. Biology (Botany), Grade 6. O‘zbekiston Publishing House, Tashkent, 2017
11

Diversity of stems

Textbook: pp. 28–29
GoalDistinguish kinds of stems (woody and herbaceous; erect, ascending, twining, climbing, trailing, creeping).
New words
woody stem · yog‘och poyaherbaceous stem · o‘t poyatendril · gajakcreeping stem · o‘rmalovchi poya
Explanation

Stems differ with the kind of plant and its growing conditions. By internal structure they are woody (poplar, elm) or herbaceous (barley, nightshade); a woody stem keeps growing each year from new buds and forms a long-lived above-ground part, while the above-ground part of a herbaceous stem often lives one season. By direction of growth: erect (poplar, wheat), ascending (clover), twining — wraps around a support (bindweed, morning glory), climbing — clings with tendrils (grape, pea), trailing (melon, watermelon, cucumber) and creeping — lies along the ground and roots at its nodes (strawberry, silverweed). Stems may be branched (apple, walnut) or unbranched (palm). The variety of stem forms lets many species grow in one place: plants reach the light in different ways.

Erect: poplar,wheatAscending:cloverTwining: morninggloryClimbingTrailing: melon,cucumberCreeping:silverweedDirection ofstem growth
Worked examples
Grape and pea cling to a support with tendrils; bindweed winds its stem itself around a support.
Strawberry sends out long creeping stems (runners); roots form at their nodes and a new plant appears.
Class activity

“Find the stem type”: find 8 plants in the schoolyard or a set of pictures and fill a table: name — stem type (erect, twining, climbing, creeping…). Safety: do not touch thorny or poisonous plants; look but do not taste any plant.

Practice
1
What is the difference between woody and herbaceous stems? Give an example of each.
2
How do the stems of grape, bindweed and strawberry grow?
3
How does a climbing stem differ from a twining one?
4
Why is a variety of stem forms useful to plants?