Lessons 18 · 1 lessons · N. I. Taylaqov (general editor), A. B. Akhmedov, M. D. Pardayeva, A. A. Abdug‘aniyev, U. M. Mirsanov. Informatics and Information Technologies, Grade 11, 1st edition. “Extremum-press”, Tashkent, 2018
18
The concepts of web page, website and web design
Textbook: pp. 65–68
GoalExplains the concepts of web page, website, domain, hosting and web design, analyses the structure of a URL, tells static and dynamic sites apart and writes a simple HTML page.
New words
web page: a hypertext (HTML) document that a browser shows, with text, pictures, sound or video · web-sahifawebsite: a set of linked web pages kept under one address (domain) · web-saytdomain: the name-address of a site on the Internet, such as example.com · domenhosting: a service that gives space on an always-on server for a site's files · hosting
Explanation
Web pages are used to show information conveniently on the Internet. A web page is a hypertext file with the HTML extension: text, pictures, sound, video and animation can be placed on it, and it is linked to other pages by hyperlinks; it is displayed by a browser (Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Safari and others). A website is a set of linked pages gathered under one address. To keep the site's files on an always-on server, a hosting service is taken; the site gets an IP address (for example 203.0.113.25), but people use a domain name so that it is easy to remember, and the DNS system converts the name to the IP address. A URL has three parts: the protocol (https), the domain (www.example.com) and the path to the page (/news/index.html); HTTPS encrypts the data, so a page that asks for a password must be HTTPS. A static site consists of ready HTML files; in a dynamic site the server builds the page on request from a database, often using a content management system (CMS, for example WordPress or Drupal). Web design is planning the look, colours, fonts, navigation and usability of the site: the page should look good on phones and computers, pictures should have a text description (alt) and colour contrast should be sufficient. When building a site, do not use other people's pictures without permission and do not publish classmates' personal data.
Worked examples
The simplest HTML page. In the examples below the symbol ⏎ shows the end of a line of code and the blank spaces show indentation: <!DOCTYPE html> ⏎ <html lang="uz"> ⏎ <head> ⏎ <meta charset="utf-8"> ⏎ <title>Mening sahifam</title> ⏎ </head> ⏎ <body> ⏎ <h1>Salom, web!</h1> ⏎ <p>Bu sahifa <a href="about.html">HTML</a> tilida yozilgan.</p> ⏎ </body> ⏎ </html> Saved as “index.html” and opened in a browser, it shows a heading and a sentence with a link.
Analysing a URL: https://www.example.com/news/2026/index.html – protocol: https; domain: www.example.com (here .com is the top-level domain); path: /news/2026/index.html; file: index.html. An IPv4 address has 4 bytes (four numbers 0–255), so there are 256·256·256·256 = 4 294 967 296 addresses; IPv6 is 128-bit.
Class activity
“Site analysis”: groups open one education site of their choice, write down the URL parts, the navigation on the home page, the colours and fonts, and make a list “What is good, what could be improved?”
Practice
1
What is the difference between a web page and a website?
A web page is one HTML document; a website is a set of linked pages under one address.
2
In https://www.example.com/news/index.html separate the protocol, domain and path.