Labour relations
Labour relations are relations between an employee and an employer based on an agreement that the employee performs a work function in return for pay. The parties are the employee (the person who works) and the employer (an organisation or an individual who gives work). The main sources of labour law are the Constitution, the Labour Code (the new text adopted in 2022 and in force from 30 April 2023), other laws, and internal documents and collective agreements. Basic principles: freedom of labour and a ban on forced labour, a ban on discrimination, safe working conditions, fair pay, and the chance to settle labour disputes in court. The right to work is one of the citizens’ basic rights fixed in the Constitution. As a rule, an employment contract is concluded with a person who has reached 16; a 15-year-old may be hired with the written consent of a parent (or a person replacing the parent), and school students from 14 may, with such consent, do light work in their free time from study that does not harm their health or education. Minors are not involved in heavy, harmful or dangerous work.
Discussion: “What work does a relative or acquaintance do, and who is the employer?” Each student gives an example (without names or workplace names) and separates the roles of employee and employer.