21
Constructing similar polygons
Textbook: pp. 64–65
GoalKnow the construction steps for a polygon similar to a given one using a homothety, and justify it.
New words
construction · yasashcentre of homothety · gomotetiya markaziray · nursimilarity coefficient · o‘xshashlik koeffitsiyenti
Explanation
To construct a similar polygon, pick any point O in the plane and draw rays from O through every vertex of the given polygon. On each ray mark OA₁ = k·OA, OB₁ = k·OB, and so on (with k < 1 the polygon is reduced). Joining the new vertices in order gives the similar polygon. Justification: triangles OAD and OA₁D₁ are similar, so corresponding sides are in ratio k; corresponding angles are equal as well. The point O may lie outside the polygon, inside it, at a vertex or on a side; the resulting polygons are all congruent. The construction is done with a compass and ruler or on squared paper.
Worked examples
Draw rays from O through the vertices of triangle ABC and mark OA₁ = 2·OA, OB₁ = 2·OB, OC₁ = 2·OC; then A₁B₁C₁ ∽ ABC with k = 2.
For a square with k = 1/2 and O at one vertex, the new square has half the side and shares that vertex's angle.
Class activity
“Grid enlargement”: draw a simple shape (a house or a fish) on squared paper, choose a centre and enlarge it with k = 2.
Practice
1
A quadrilateral similar to ABCD with k = 3 is built from centre O. If OA = 4 cm, how long is OA₁ (cm)?
12
2
A quadrilateral has perimeter 14 cm. What is the perimeter of the similar one built with k = 3 (cm)?
42
3
By what factor does the area decrease when k = 0.5?
4 times
4
Why can the centre of homothety be chosen anywhere?
Changing the centre only shifts the figure; the resulting polygons are congruent.