☰ Contents · World history

Africa (1800–1870) and conclusion

Lessons 33–34 · 2 lessons · R. Farmonov, U. Jo‘rayev, Sh. Ergashev. Jahon tarixi (XVI–XIX asrning 60-yillari) (World history, 16th century – 1860s), Grade 8. Cho‘lpon Publishing House, Tashkent, 2019 (revised and expanded 4th edition)
34

Conclusion

Textbook: p. 156
GoalSummary: Renaissance, Reformation, Enlightenment and the struggle against colonialism.
New words
humanism · gumanizmEnlightenment · Ma’rifatchilikReformation · Reformatsiyaliberation struggle · ozodlik kurashi
Explanation

In the history of the 16th century to the 1860s the world went through great changes. Humanism praised the dignity of the human being, the Reformation gave rise to new branches of Christianity, and the Enlightenment advanced ideas of reason, freedom and equality. Enlightenment ideas influenced the revolutions in the USA and France. The Industrial Revolution changed production and way of life, while European states acquired colonies in Asia, Africa and Latin America. The peoples of Latin America won independence, and peoples in India, China, Africa and elsewhere resisted in different ways. Studying this period helps us understand the origins of today’s world.

Worked examples
Enlightenment ideas influenced the US Declaration of Independence and the documents of the French Revolution.
Latin American countries became independent in the early 19th century, much of Africa and Asia later.
Class activity

“Big map”: the class splits into groups and marks the main event of each chapter with years on a wall map.

Practice
1
What does humanism praise?
2
Which ideas did the Enlightenment advance?
3
When did Latin America begin to win independence?
4
What is the use of studying this period?