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Azimuth and measuring distance

Lessons 6 · 1 lessons · P. Gulyamov, R. Qurbonniyozov, M. Avezov, N. Saidova. Geography (Introductory Course of Physical Geography), Grade 5. Revised and expanded 5th edition. “Mitti yulduz”, Tashkent, 2020
6

Azimuth and measuring distance

Textbook: §6, pp. 23–26
GoalLearn directions, azimuth and ways of measuring distance (by steps and with a measuring wheel).
New words
horizon · ufqazimuth · azimutcompass · kompaspacing (measuring by steps) · qadamlab o‘lchash
Explanation

On open flat ground the line where the sky seems to meet the Earth is the horizon. The horizon has 4 main and 4 intermediate directions, but at any place there are many more directions, so azimuth is used. Azimuth is the angle at a place between two directions: one towards north and the other towards the object; it is found with a compass and counted clockwise from north. North is 0° (360°), east 90°, south 180°, west 270°, north-east 45°, south-east 135°, south-west 225° and north-west 315°. Distance can be measured with a tape measure, by pacing or with a home-made measuring wheel. To learn your step length, pace 100 m and divide 10 000 cm by the number of steps. A walking person covers on average 5 km in an hour.

Worked examples
If a shop is at 135° from north, clockwise, it lies to the south-east; a school at 270° lies to the west.
A child who covers 40 m in 80 steps has a step length of 4000 cm : 80 = 50 cm.
Class activity

“My step length”: with a teacher or adult in a safe area without vehicles, measure 20 m with a tape; each student walks it by pacing and calculates the step length.

Practice
1
Give the azimuth of north, east, south and west.
2
A child covers 60 m in 120 steps. How many centimetres long is the step?
3
A walker covers 5 km per hour. How many km does he cover in 36 minutes?
4
Why is it convenient to count paces in pairs for long distances?