Lessons 1 · 1 lessons · P. Gulyamov, R. Qurbonniyozov, M. Avezov, N. Saidova. Geography (Introductory Course of Physical Geography), Grade 5. Revised and expanded 5th edition. “Mitti yulduz”, Tashkent, 2020
1
Introduction. What does geography study?
Textbook: §1, pp. 4–6
GoalExplain the meaning of the word geography, its branches and the importance of physical geography.
New words
geography · geografiyageographer · geografphysical geography · tabiiy geografiyasocio-economic geography · ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy geografiya
Explanation
The word “geography” comes from the ancient Greek “ge” (Earth) and “grapho” (I write); Eratosthenes first used it as the title of his book. Geography is the science that studies the nature, population and economy of the Earth’s surface, and also how people use nature and protect it. People who work in this field are called geographers. As the science developed it split into two branches: physical geography and socio-economic geography. Physical geography explains how nature is built, why it differs from place to place and how it should be used. In Grade 5 you study its introductory course.
Worked examples
Question: “Why is there little rain in deserts but much in mountains?” This is a physical geography question because it asks for the cause of a natural phenomenon.
Question: “How many people live in each region of our country and which crops are grown?” This is closer to socio-economic geography because it concerns population and economy.
Class activity
“Nature or economy?”: the teacher hands out cards with words (mountain, factory, river, school, desert, railway, lake, market). Students sort them into two groups – objects studied by physical geography and by socio-economic geography – and explain their choice.
Practice
1
What does the word “geography” mean and which language does it come from?
From Greek: “ge” = Earth, “grapho” = I write; that is, “a description of the Earth”.
2
Which of these belongs to physical geography: a) why a river flows fast; b) how many schools a city has?
a) A river’s fast flow is a natural phenomenon; b) the number of schools concerns population and economy.
3
What does a person take from nature? Give three examples.
Air, water, food, minerals (coal, oil, salt) – any three.
4
Why do we need geography in order to protect nature?
Because if we know how nature changes, we can use it without polluting, wasting or damaging it.