☰ Contents · Geography

End-of-year review

Lessons 30 · 1 lessons · P. Gulyamov, R. Qurbonniyozov, M. Avezov, N. Saidova. Geography (Introductory Course of Physical Geography), Grade 5. Revised and expanded 5th edition. “Mitti yulduz”, Tashkent, 2020
30

Final review of the year

Textbook: §30, pp. 100–101
GoalRevise the topics of the year (Earth, maps, shells, weather, natural zones) and solve calculation tasks.
New words
physical geography · tabiiy geografiyageographic coordinates · geografik koordinataatmosphere · atmosferanatural zone · tabiat zonasi
Explanation

During the year you studied the introductory course of geography. The Earth is one of the Solar System’s 8 planets, shaped like a geoid, rotating on its axis in 24 hours and going round the Sun in 365 days; day and night and the seasons result from this. We locate a place with scale, azimuth, height and geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude), and a map shows the Earth’s surface reduced with conventional signs. The Earth’s shells: the lithosphere (crust, mantle, core; plates, volcanoes, earthquakes, rocks and minerals), the hydrosphere (World Ocean, rivers, lakes, glaciers, groundwater), the atmosphere (nitrogen 78 %, oxygen 21 %; weather in the troposphere) and the biosphere (organisms). Weather is the present state and climate the long-term regime; winds arise from pressure differences. Nature is divided into zones from the equator to the poles. During review solve tasks on your own, such as converting numerical scale to named scale, calculating temperature with height and finding coordinates.

Worked examples
At 1 : 6 500 000, 1 cm stands for 65 km (6 500 000 : 100 000); at 1 : 3 200 000, 1 cm stands for 32 km.
If a plain has +24 °C, the temperature at 4000 m is 24 – 6 × 4 = 0 °C, so snow in high mountains does not melt even in summer.
Class activity

“Geography quiz”: the class forms 3 groups; teams score points on question cards (“continent”, “scale”, “coordinate”, “climate”, “zone”), and answers are checked with the atlas.

Practice
1
Convert the scale 1 : 400 000 to a named scale (how many km per 1 cm).
2
At 1 : 6 500 000, how many km does 1 cm stand for?
3
On a plain it is +27 °C. About what is it at 2500 m in the Chatkal mountains? (6 °C per 1000 m, so a drop of 15 °C at 2500 m: 27 – 15)
4
List the Earth’s shells and write one feature of each.