☰ Contents · Mathematics

Exponential inequalities and the logarithm

Lessons 35–36 · 2 lessons · M. A. Mirzaahmedov, Sh. N. Ismailov, A. Q. Amanov (algebra and analysis), B. Q. Haydarov (geometry). Mathematics Grade 10, Parts 1 and 2, 1st edition. EXTREMUM PRESS, Tashkent, 2017
35

Directly solvable exponential inequalities

Textbook, Part 2: p. 55
GoalSolve exponential inequalities by equalising bases, taking out a common factor and introducing a new variable.
New words
exponential inequality · ko‘rsatkichli tengsizlikbase · asosequivalent · tengkuchlisubstitution · o‘zgaruvchini almashtirish
Explanation

In an inequality aᶠ⁽ˣ⁾ > aᵍ⁽ˣ⁾ with the same base on both sides we compare the exponents. If a > 1 the function is increasing, so the sign is kept: f(x) > g(x). If 0 < a < 1 the function is decreasing, so the sign reverses: f(x) < g(x). If the bases differ we reduce them to a common base (for instance 1/2 = 2⁻¹, 8 = 2³). With several terms we take out the power with the smallest exponent or put 2ˣ = t and get a quadratic inequality, remembering that t > 0. For aˣ < b with b ≤ 0 there is no solution, and for aˣ > b with b ≤ 0 every real number is a solution, since aˣ > 0. Before writing the answer it helps to test one point.

Worked examples
2^(3x − 1) < 2^(x + 5). The base 2 > 1, so the sign stays: 3x − 1 < x + 5, 2x < 6, x < 3. Answer: (−∞, 3).
(1/2)^(x²) ≥ (1/2)^(2x + 3). The base 1/2 < 1, so the sign reverses: x² ≤ 2x + 3, x² − 2x − 3 ≤ 0, (x + 1)(x − 3) ≤ 0, x ∈ [−1, 3].
Class activity

In pairs test 2ˣ > 8 by substituting x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; then discuss why the solutions of 2ˣ > 8 and (1/2)ˣ > 1/8 point in opposite directions.

Practice
1
For 0 < a < 1, which inequality between exponents is equivalent to aᶠ > aᵍ?
2
Solve 3^(x − 2) > 9.
3
Solve (1/2)ˣ ≥ 1/8.
4
Why does 2ˣ > −3 hold for every x?