The Internet and the WWW

The Internet (from “interconnected network”) is the common network that joins thousands of computer networks across the world. It grew out of ARPANET, a project of the US Department of Defense: on 29 October 1969 the first connection was made between computers of the University of California in Los Angeles and the Stanford Research Institute; the network was designed so that it could go round broken links. Later universities and other countries joined and the Internet took shape. It does not belong to a single organisation; states, universities, companies and users together keep it running. Data is sent by protocols; the main one is TCP/IP: TCP splits information into packets, IP finds the route for every packet, and on the receiving side TCP checks the packets and puts them back together. Internet services include email, chat and video calls, the WWW and others. The WWW (World Wide Web) is one of the Internet’s services, a system of web pages; it was proposed in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee of the European nuclear research centre CERN, and in 1990 the first browser and server worked. A web page can hold text, pictures, sound and video; hypertext lets you jump from one page to another. A set of linked pages is a website (a book is the site, its page is a web page); they are stored on web servers connected to the Internet. Every resource has a URL, for example https://www.misol.uz/darslar/sahifa.html – https is the protocol, www.misol.uz is the server (domain) name, and /darslar/sahifa.html is the path to the page. Today the secure https (padlock sign) is widely used. A provider is a company that gives Internet access. In Uzbekistan ZiyoNET is a public educational information network meant for teachers and pupils.