Lessons 5–6 · 2 lessons · P. Gulomov, H. Vahobov, P. Baratov, M. Mamatqulov. Geography (Physical Geography of Central Asia; Physical Geography of Uzbekistan), Grade 7. Revised and expanded 5th edition. “O‘qituvchi” Publishing House, Tashkent, 2017
6
Geographic maps and their conventional signs
Textbook: pp. 15–17
GoalKnow the difference between a plan, a map, an aerial photo and a satellite image and the kinds of conventional signs.
New words
plan (of an area) · joy planiaerial photograph · aerosuratsatellite image · kosmosuratconventional sign (map symbol) · shartli belgi
Explanation
A plan is a drawing of an area in a large scale (1 : 5000 or larger) that shows a small territory in detail. A map is a reduced, generalised picture of the Earth or a large part of it, drawn with conventional signs. An aerial photograph is taken from aircraft and similar flying devices, and a satellite image from satellites and spacecraft; unlike a map, they show the real view without conventional signs. Maps, plans and photographs all have a certain scale. Conventional signs are scale signs (areas such as a lake, desert or forest), non-scale signs (a city, hydropower plant, mine), linear signs (river, road, border), explanatory signs (an arrow, type of forest) and letter and number signs.
Worked examples
On a map the Aral Sea is shown by an area matching its size (a scale sign), while Tashkent is shown by a circle (a non-scale sign).
On a plan with a scale of 1 : 5000, 1 cm equals 50 m on the ground, so a school yard can be shown very accurately.
Class activity
“Sign riddle”: choose 6 conventional signs from the atlas. One group draws a sign and the other names its type (scale, non-scale, linear).
Practice
1
How do an aerial photograph and a satellite image differ?
An aerial photograph is taken from an aircraft or similar device, a satellite image from a satellite or spacecraft.
2
What type of conventional sign shows a river, a railway and a state border?
A linear sign.
3
A plan has a scale of 1 : 5000. How many metres does 4 cm represent?
200
4
Why is a city shown on a map with a non-scale sign? Explain.
Because at the map’s scale a city would be tiny and cannot be drawn at its real size, so a sign such as a circle is used.