☰ Contents · Geography

Lakes, reservoirs and water resources

Lessons 41–42 · 2 lessons · P. Gulomov, H. Vahobov, P. Baratov, M. Mamatqulov. Geography (Physical Geography of Central Asia; Physical Geography of Uzbekistan), Grade 7. Revised and expanded 5th edition. “O‘qituvchi” Publishing House, Tashkent, 2017
42

Using and protecting the water resources of Uzbekistan

Textbook: pp. 97–98
GoalUnderstand how water resources are used and why they must be protected.
New words
irrigation · sug‘orishhydroelectric power plant · gidroelektrostansiya (GES)drainage water · zovur suvisanitary zone · sanitar zona
Explanation

Water resources are surface and ground waters that supply agriculture, people and industry, give electricity and serve fishing and recreation. At present about 4.2 million hectares are irrigated with river water. On average about 58 km³ of water is used a year, about 90 percent of it for irrigation and the rest for industry, household services, fisheries and other uses. Hydropower plants Charvak, Khojikent and Gazalkent stand on the Chirchiq, Uchkurgan on the Naryn, Farhod on the Syrdarya and the Andijan plant on the Karadarya. Rivers are polluted by industry, households, livestock farms and drainage water, which harms living things in the water. To protect water we must purify waste water before release, not let salty drainage water into rivers, set up sanitary zones along rivers and irrigate economically.

Worked examples
If a farmer switches to drip irrigation, water use per hectare of cotton falls and the risk of soil salinisation decreases.
A sanitary zone planted with trees 50–100 m wide along a river protects the bank and the water from pollution.
Class activity

“Water log”: for one week write where your family uses water (drinking, washing, dishes, watering) and suggest 3 ways to save it. Do not swim in rivers, canals or lakes without an adult and never drink untreated water.

Practice
1
About what share of water in Uzbekistan goes to irrigation?
2
Which hydropower plants stand on the Chirchiq?
3
If irrigated land is 4 200 000 ha and 1 000 000 ha of it is drip-irrigated, how many hectares remain with other methods?
4
Why is it harmful to let drainage water flow straight into a river?