☰ Contents · Biology (Zoology)

Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera

Lessons 27–28 · 2 lessons · O. Mavlonov. Biology (Zoology), Grade 7. Revised and expanded fourth edition. “O‘zbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi” State Scientific Publishing House, Tashkent, 2017
28

Order Hymenoptera: honey bees

Textbook: pp. 88–90
GoalExplain the order Hymenoptera: the honey bee colony, its structure, importance, and ants.
New words
queen bee · ona ariworker bee · ishchi ariswarming · g‘ujlanishsting · nishtar
Explanation

Hymenoptera include honey bees, wasps, bumblebees and ants. A honey bee colony has one queen, thousands (10,000 to 100,000) of workers and hundreds of drones. Workers are undeveloped females: they clean and guard the hive, feed larvae, collect nectar and pollen and build six-sided cells of wax. Their mouthparts are chewing-sucking, their hind legs have a pollen basket, and their eyes see ultraviolet light. The queen and drones are fed mainly by the workers. Nectar becomes honey in the cells. A fertilised egg gives a worker, an unfertilised one a drone. A new colony forms by swarming: the old queen leaves with a group of workers and settles in another box. Bees tell others where flowers with nectar are by dance movements (the “bee language”). Bees pollinate plants and provide honey and wax. A worker bee that stings a person leaves its sting in the skin and dies. Ants also live in colonies; most are useful (the wood ant destroys pests).

Worked examples
In a beekeeper’s box worker bees carry nectar all the time. Honey stored before winter is the colony’s food reserve.
It is risky to go near a hive: if stung stay calm, do not swat the bee; if swelling or allergy occurs, call emergency help.
Class activity

Make a hive from paper six-sided cells and write the roles of queen, worker and drone. Safety: do not approach hives or wild bees, do not swat or catch them; only adults work with a beekeeper; if stung tell an adult – allergy can be dangerous.

Practice
1
A beekeeper opened a hive and sorted the bees into three kinds. Which are they, and roughly how many of each?
2
If we watched a worker bee for a day, what jobs would we see it doing inside and outside the hive?
3
A bee found a flower with nectar and returned; soon other bees flew to the same flower. How did they learn where it was?
4
Why are bees important for plants?