Lessons 1–2 · 2 lessons · O. Mavlonov. Biology (Zoology), Grade 7. Revised and expanded fourth edition. “O‘zbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi” State Scientific Publishing House, Tashkent, 2017
1
Zoology and its tasks
Textbook: pp. 4–6
GoalExplain what zoology studies, and describe animal habitats, their importance and their protection.
New words
zoology, the science of animals · zoologiyaecological factors such as moisture, temperature, light · ekologik omillarparasite, an animal living on or in another organism · parazitnatural sanitary animals that clean up remains · tabiiy sanitarlar
Explanation
Zoology (zoon – animal, logos – science) studies the structure, way of life, reproduction, development, distribution and origin of animals. The ancient Greek scholar Aristotle wrote works on the subject, Linnaeus proposed sorting animals into groups such as species, genus, order and class, and Darwin created the theory of evolution by studying animals. Animals live on land, in the air, in soil and in water bodies; for parasites, another organism is the habitat. The parts of the habitat such as moisture, temperature and light are called ecological factors, and an animal’s structure is adapted to its habitat. By feeding, animals are herbivores, predators and parasites. Many animals are useful (they pollinate, destroy pests, act as natural sanitary animals), while some spread disease. To save rare species, reserves and national parks have been set up, and endangered animals are listed in the Red Book of Uzbekistan.
Worked examples
A fish’s streamlined body and fins suit fast swimming in water, while a mouse’s well-developed legs suit running on land. This is adaptation of structure to the habitat.
A cow, a wolf and the malaria parasite feed differently: the cow is a herbivore, the wolf a predator, and the malaria parasite lives inside human blood as a parasite. So by feeding we sort animals into three groups.
Class activity
In class fill a table “Animal – habitat – food”: write 8 animals and mark each one’s habitat and feeding group. Safety: do not touch wild animals, snakes, scorpions, spiders or stray dogs and cats; watch only from a distance and tell an adult.
Practice
1
What does the word zoology mean and what does it study?
Zoon – animal, logos – science: it studies animals’ structure, life, reproduction, development, distribution and origin.
2
How does the work of the Swedish scientist Linnaeus help biologists name animal species today?
He proposed a system of groups (species, genus, order, class); under this system every species gets a two-word Latin name.
3
Remains of dead animals in a field disappear quickly. Which animals do this “work”, and why are they useful?
Animals that eat dead bodies and organic remains or filter water; they keep land and water from becoming polluted.
4
Why is the body of water animals streamlined?
So they meet less resistance and swim fast and easily; it is an adaptation to the habitat.