☰ Contents · Biology (Zoology)

Insects: the rose chafer and Lab 3

Lessons 22–24 · 3 lessons · O. Mavlonov. Biology (Zoology), Grade 7. Revised and expanded fourth edition. “O‘zbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi” State Scientific Publishing House, Tashkent, 2017
23

Rose chafer: internal structure

Textbook: pp. 76–78
GoalExplain the internal structure of the rose chafer and insect sense organs.
New words
Malpighian tubules, the excretory organs · malpigi naychalaritrachea, a breathing tube · traxeyasucking mouthparts · so‘ruvchi og‘iz organibrain · bosh miya
Explanation

The rose chafer eats flowers, young leaves and unripe fruit: it tears with its upper jaws and crushes with its lower jaws (chewing mouthparts). The digestive tract: mouth, pharynx, gullet, muscular stomach, intestine and anus. Insects that feed on liquids have a proboscis-like mouth (sucking or piercing-sucking). Circulation is open; the heart is a tube on the back of the abdomen and the blood does not carry oxygen in breathing. Breathing is by tracheae: air enters through openings mainly on the sides of the abdomen and reaches every organ along branching tubes. The excretory organs, the Malpighian tubules, open into the intestine. The nervous system is a ring around the pharynx and a ventral nerve cord, with a brain formed in the head; it is highly developed in bees and ants. Insects sense colour, smell (some moths from 11 km) and taste well; crickets and similar insects have sound-producing and hearing organs.

Worked examples
When a grasshopper or beetle gnaws a leaf, chewing mouthparts are at work. Flies and mosquitoes suck liquids – they have a proboscis.
When an insect breathes its abdomen rises and falls: abdominal muscles renew the air in the tracheae. The blood does not carry oxygen; air goes directly to organs.
Class activity

Draw a diagram: “Air → opening → trachea → cells”. With a lens look for the breathing openings on a dried specimen (with the teacher). Safety: stay away from live bees and nests.

Practice
1
What are chewing mouthparts and which insects have them?
2
Why does blood not take part in insect breathing?
3
What do Malpighian tubules do?
4
Why do bees and ants have complex behaviour?