The cellular level. Cell theory. Metabolism
Answers are for parents and teachers.
1
Show three distinguishing features of bacterial, plant and animal cells in a table.
For example: nucleus – absent in bacteria (nucleoid), present in plants and animals; wall – murein / cellulose / none; plastids – only in plants; reserve – polyphosphate and glycogen / starch / glycogen.
2
Write in 4–5 sentences on what evidence cell theory is based on and why it matters.
Cell structure was observed under the microscope in plant and animal tissues, leading to a general conclusion. The theory shows the unity of organisms, links reproduction and development to cell division, and became a basis for medicine, embryology and genetics.
3
Write the equation of glycolysis in words and list its results.
Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate → 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP (and 2 NADH, hydrogen carriers); without oxygen pyruvate becomes lactic acid or ethanol.
4
Using the textbook value: if 3 of 7 glucose molecules are broken down aerobically and the rest anaerobically (lactic), how many ATP form in total? (Number only.)
122
5
Why does lactic acid build up in a marathon runner’s muscles when speed rises?
A fast-working muscle does not get enough oxygen, so the cell uses glycolysis to get ATP faster and pyruvate turns into lactic acid.