Human evolution: stages and driving forces
Answers are for parents and teachers.
1
In a table write the brain volume, time lived and one tool for Australopithecus, Homo erectus and Homo sapiens.
Australopithecus: 400–550 cm³, 4–2 million years, sticks/stones; Homo erectus: 800–1200 cm³, 1.9 million–100 thousand years, hand axe; Homo sapiens: 1300–1500 cm³, from 300 thousand years, complex tools.
2
What did ancient DNA analysis show about human evolution?
Homo sapiens interbred with Neanderthals and Denisovans, and a little of their DNA remains in present-day people.
3
Present-day people outside Africa carry 1–2 per cent of Neanderthal DNA. How many million nucleotides is 1 per cent of a genome of 3000 million? (Number only: 3000 / 100.)
30
4
Why can the “race” concept not be a basis for ranking people? Write two arguments.
Most genetic variation is within groups; traits change continuously and all people are one species.
5
How might modern work (computers, mechanisation) affect the human body? Write two tips for a healthy way of life.
Less movement, strain on eyes and spine; regular exercise and breaks during work.