الأسبوع 21 · المحور الثالث «حماية كوكبنا»، الوحدة الثالثة «الموارد الموجودة على سطح الأرض»، المفهوم 3.3 «حماية الموارد الموجودة على سطح الأرض» (ب): الهواء والماء النظيف · 3 دروس
2
How many litres do we use?
Discovery Education Science P5: Term 2, Unit 3, pp. 69–72
GoalWork out how much water an activity uses by multiplying minutes or times by litres, and choose ways to save water.
New words
litre (L) · a unit for measuring how much liquid there iswater use · how much water a person or a house usesconserve · to use less and waste nothing
Explanation
We use water all day, so it is easy to forget how much. To find out, multiply. If a shower uses about 10 litres every minute, a 5-minute shower uses 5 × 10 = 50 litres. If a flush uses about 6 litres, four flushes use 4 × 6 = 24 litres. The numbers here are rounded, so we say “about”. Add up every row to get one person’s day, then multiply by the people in a house to get the household total. In some places each person has only about 40 litres a day for everything, so every litre counts. Saving water is a good idea even when we have plenty, because clean water takes work to bring, and the Nile gives Egypt almost all of its water. Small habits add up: a shorter shower, a tap turned off while brushing, a leak fixed.
Activity
About how much
Example
shower
10 L every minute
5 min: 5 × 10 = 50 L
brushing, tap running
8 L every minute
2 min: 2 × 8 = 16 L
one flush
6 L each time
4 times: 4 × 6 = 24 L
washing hands
2 L each time
5 times: 5 × 2 = 10 L
Worked examples
Youssef’s day: a 6-minute shower (6 × 10 = 60 L), 2 minutes of brushing with the tap running (2 × 8 = 16 L), 5 flushes (5 × 6 = 30 L) and 4 hand-washes (4 × 2 = 8 L). In all, 60 + 16 + 30 + 8 = 114 L.
Shower length
Water for 4 people
5 minutes
200 L
3 minutes
120 L
A family of 4 each takes a 5-minute shower: 4 × 5 × 10 = 200 L. If each person takes 3 minutes, the family uses 4 × 3 × 10 = 120 L. They save 200 − 120 = 80 L every day.
Marina brushes for 2 minutes. With the tap running she uses 2 × 8 = 16 L. If she turns the tap off and uses a cup of rinse water, she uses about 1 L. She saves about 15 L, and it costs her nothing.
Class activity
Water diary. For one day, with a grown-up, write each time you wash your hands, brush your teeth, shower or use the toilet. Use the rounded numbers in the table to work out the litres for each row and add them up. Then plan three ways to cut your number and say how many litres each could save. Do not turn the day into a contest to go without washing: clean hands and teeth matter.
Practice
1
Salma showers for 4 minutes at about 10 L every minute. How much water does she use?
4 × 10 = 40 L.
2
A flush uses about 6 L. Hana flushes 7 times in a day. How many litres is that?
7 × 6 = 42 L.
3
Look at the chart. Which activity uses the most water, and how many more litres than brushing?
The shower, 40 L, which is 40 − 12 = 28 L more than brushing.
4
Rana’s family of 3 uses 120 L a day each. In some places a person has only 40 L a day. How many times more than 40 L is 120 L?