Egypt Preparatory 3 English (Connect), Week 11: From idea to model: sequence adverbs and imperatives

Think like a designer

Week 11 · Unit 5 Design Thinking (A): a text on thinking like a designer (reference only), stylish / creativity / point of view / prototype / schedule, listening to a blog about a design sprint (our own read-aloud text), sequence adverbs and imperatives, a text about understanding new students (reference only) · 3 lessons

From idea to model: sequence adverbs and imperatives

English Preparatory 3 Term 1, Unit 5: pp. 72–77

GoalListen to a short account of a class project and use sequence adverbs to order steps and imperatives to give instructions.

New words

queue · a line of people waiting for somethingbrainstorm · to think of many ideas quickly, without judging themmodel · a small copy or example of somethingstep · one part of a processinstruction · words that tell you how to do somethingimprove · to make something better

Explanation

First the listening skill: listen once for the general idea and again for the order of the steps and for numbers. Sequence adverbs show the order of steps: First or To begin with for the start, Next, Then and After that for the middle, and Finally, Lastly or In the end for the end (never In end). Put a comma after the adverb at the start of a sentence. Imperatives give instructions. A positive imperative is the base verb: Brainstorm many ideas. We do not use a subject, to or -s. Add Please to be polite: Please open the window (never Please to open). The negative is Don’t + base verb: Don’t make noise. Use Never + base verb for a strong ban: Never share your password. With be, say Don’t be late. A good set of instructions uses both: First, measure the table. Next, draw the plan. Don’t forget to test it.

Order	Sequence adverbs	Example
start	First, / To begin with,	First, we watched the queue.
next	Next, / Then, / After that,	Next, we talked to students.
end	Finally, / Lastly, / In the end,	Finally, we improved the plan.

Worked examples

Last month our class tried to make the canteen queue shorter. First we watched the queue for three days and counted the waiting time: it was about twelve minutes. Next we talked to students, and they said that everybody pays at the same desk. Then we brainstormed ideas, and one crazy idea was a slide for sandwiches! After that we chose a simple idea: two paying desks. We built a paper model of the canteen and tested it with a small group. Finally we improved the plan, and in the real test the waiting time dropped to five minutes.

Listen to the class account. A grown-up reads it aloud once or twice. Then answer the questions in the practice section.

Imperatives in a recipe for a paper plane: First, fold the paper in half. Next, fold the corners to the middle. Then, fold the sides again. Finally, throw it gently. Don’t throw it at a person.

Imperative	Form	Example
positive	base verb (no to, no -s, no subject)	Brainstorm many ideas.
polite	Please + base verb	Please open the window.
negative	Don’t + base verb	Don’t make noise.
strong ban	Never + base verb	Never share your password.
with be	Don’t be + adjective	Don’t be late.

The five kinds of imperative. The step order is shown by the adverbs (First, Next, Then, Finally); the instructions are shown by the verbs (fold, throw, don’t throw).

Now you. Give three instructions for making a cup of tea, using First, Next and Finally.

Class activity

Instruction relay. Choose a simple task (making a sandwich, packing a school bag, drawing a house). Write five steps with First, Next, Then, After that, Finally and one Don’t. Read the steps in a different order to a partner, who puts them in the right order with the adverbs.

Practice

Listen again (a grown-up reads the account). How many minutes shorter was the queue at the end? It was about twelve minutes before and five minutes after.

What was the problem that the students found?

Complete with the best adverb: ___ we tested the model and made some changes. It was the last step. (Finally / First / Next)

Choose: ___ late for the meeting. (Don’t be / Not be / Don’t to be)

Correct the mistake: Please to write your name here.

Correct the mistake: In end, we chose the best idea.

Make a negative instruction: Make noise in the library.

Choose: ___ share your password with anyone. It is a strong ban. (Never / To never / Not)