☰ Year plan · Science

Tiny moving particles

Week 9 · Theme 2 Matter and Energy, Unit 2 Particles in Motion, Concept 2.1 Matter in the World around Us (B) · 3 lessons
2

Too small to see

Discovery Education Science P5: Term 1, Unit 2, pp. 137–141
GoalExplain how tiny particles are, how a balloon shows that gas is there, and why scientists use models.
New words
invisible · too small or too clear to be seeninflate · to fill with airlimit · a way in which a model is not like the real thing
Explanation

Particles are very, very small. One drop of water holds more particles than anyone could count, and no ordinary microscope lets us see them. Because we cannot see a gas, how do we know it is there? A balloon helps. When you blow into it, it grows. Something invisible is filling it, so the gas takes up space. If you squeeze the balloon, you feel it push back. Scientists use models to think about what is too small to see. A model is useful, but every model has limits. Our dots show the arrangement, yet real particles do not look like flat coloured circles and are never still. A good scientist says both what the model shows and what it leaves out.

Worked examples
BreathsBalloon size
1small
3medium
5big
Layla inflates a balloon with 5 breaths and sees it grow with every breath. Her table shows the size after each breath.
A balloon on the bottle neck gets bigger in a warm place, because the gas inside takes up more space when it is warmer. A grown-up does the warming with warm tap water, never a flame.
ModelIt showsIt leaves out
paper mapwhere roads aretraffic noise
dots on paperhow particles are arrangedtheir movement
A model can show some things and miss others. A paper map shows where the roads are but not the noise of the traffic, and the dots show the arrangement but not that particles are moving.
Class activity

Balloon test (a grown-up helps). Inflate a balloon a little and tie it. Press it gently with your hand and feel it push back. Never pop it near anyone. Write: what does the balloon show about gas? Then list one thing a drawing of dots shows and one thing it misses.

Practice
1
How does a balloon show that air takes up space?
2
Why can we not see particles with our eyes?
3
A balloon needs 4 breaths to be half full. How many breaths fill it completely?
4
Name one thing a model of dots does not show.