Diseases of the nervous system and their prevention
Nervous system disorders have different causes: some arise from infections (including viruses), injury, impaired blood supply or poisoning; diagnosis and treatment are for a doctor only. Poliomyelitis is a viral disease that damages the spinal cord’s motor neurons; vaccination protects children from it reliably, so following the vaccination schedule matters. Head injuries (blows, falls) can cause concussion; if there is dizziness, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness or fainting, tell adults at once and call 103. For a person who has fainted: lay them down, raise the legs slightly, let in fresh air, loosen the collar and belt, and call 103 if they do not come round quickly: if they are breathing, turn them onto their side into the recovery position and watch them; if they are not breathing, trained adults start CPR; give nothing to drink and do not hold ammonia to the nose. Alcohol, tobacco, nicotine and drugs damage nerve cells, worsen attention, memory and reaction time and cause dependence; one should not try them. For the nervous system sleep, movement, proper nutrition, limited screen time and a calm environment matter too.
Safety poster: “Protect the head” – helmet, sports rules, safe play; “If someone faints” – 4 steps. Show it at school and home. Do not try anything; do not fake-fall even in role play.