Skin hygiene and the urinary system

If skin is clean, the ducts of sweat and sebaceous glands stay open and microbes are few: wash regularly, wear clean underwear daily, wash hair weekly, keep nails clean. Clothing should suit the season and weather, let air through, be comfortable, and shoes should not be tight. Hardening is gradual, regular adaptation to cold and heat (air, water and sun treatments); do it slowly, step by step, with the advice of adults and a doctor. For a burn: immediately hold the burnt area under cool (not icy) running water for 15–20 minutes, carefully remove clothing or jewellery (if not stuck), then cover loosely with a clean non-stick cloth; do not burst blisters, do not apply oil, sour cream or toothpaste, do not put ice on it; for large burns or burns of the face, hands, joints or chemical burns call 103. If clothing catches fire, do not run: stop, drop and roll on the ground, and adults pour water on the burning clothes or cover with a blanket. In heat stroke: take the person to shade and a cool place, remove excess clothing, cool with a cold damp cloth, give small sips of water if conscious, and call 103 at once if drowsy, unconscious or not quickly improving. In frostbite: bring the person into a warm room, change wet clothes, warm the affected area gently with lukewarm (not hot) water or a scarf, do not rub, do not hold near fire or heaters, and show a doctor. Alcohol and smoking do not warm you in cold – they do harm.