From the history of archaeology
Archaeology is the science that studies the past through material sources; Greek “archeo” means ancient and “logos” science, so it is “the study of antiquity”. Archaeologists first choose a site, then excavate, and find the age of the finds (tools, pottery, jewellery, remains of homes and irrigation works). Finds are especially important for studying the time before writing. From archaeological excavations it is said that Samarkand is 2750 years old, Karshi and Shahrisabz 2700, Bukhara and Khiva 2500 and Tashkent 2200. Academician Yahyo Gulomov made a big contribution to Uzbek archaeology; the archaeology institute of the Academy of Sciences bears his name. Underwater archaeology looks for monuments that lie under water; the aqualung, developed by the French explorer Jacques-Yves Cousteau, made it much easier. Old sites must never be dug up on your own: if you see a find, tell an adult and inform a museum or specialists.
“Sandbox dig”: the teacher hides ordinary objects (a button, a key) in a tray of sand; groups find them carefully with sticks and brushes and record each find in a notebook.