Lessons 12 · 1 lessons · N. Jo‘rayev, A. Zamonov. History of Uzbekistan (the period of independence): textbook for Grade 11 pupils of secondary schools and for secondary specialised and vocational institutions. 1st edition. G‘afur G‘ulom Publishing and Printing Creative House, Tashkent, 2018
12
Science in Uzbekistan
Textbook: pp. 81–84
GoalDescribe the reforms in science (the Higher Attestation Commission, the Academy of Sciences, innovation, academic degrees) and their chronology.
New words
innovation: a new idea, invention or technology put into practice · innovatsiyaAcademy of Sciences, the country’s leading research body · Fanlar akademiyasiattestation: official assessment and confirmation of scientific qualification · attestatsiyaintegration: bringing separate parts, such as science and education, closer together · integratsiya
Explanation
After independence it became necessary to support science through the state and to regulate the training of scientific personnel: the Higher Attestation Commission (OAK) was formed in March 1992, and in July 1992 a decree on state support of science and innovation appeared. In 1997 the Khorezm Mamun Academy was restored as a regional division of the Academy of Sciences, in 2006 a committee to coordinate the development of science and technology was formed, and since 2008 an innovative ideas, technologies and projects fair has been held in Tashkent. From 2012 some institutes of the Academy of Sciences were transferred to universities, strengthening the integration of science and education; in 2017 the academy’s activities were reviewed, some institutes returned to it and new full members were confirmed after a 22-year break. From 2017 the system of academic degrees moved to two levels, Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) and Doctor of Science (DSc); the Ministry of Innovative Development was created in 2017 and at the end of 2022 its tasks passed to the Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Innovation, and in 2019 the law “On Science and Scientific Activity” was adopted.
Worked examples
Example: at an innovation fair a scientist presents a new irrigation device project, signs a contract with a farm and the invention is put into practice.
Example: integration of science and education — an institute joins a university and students take part in laboratory research.
Class activity
Invention pitch: groups devise a simple innovative idea that solves a school or mahalla problem (for example saving water) and present it in one minute as at a “fair”.
Practice
1
When was the Higher Attestation Commission set up and what does it do?
In March 1992; it deals with awarding academic degrees and organising the attestation of scientific personnel.
2
Why is the integration of science and education considered important?
Students join research early, scientists take part in teaching, resources are used more efficiently and scientific results reach practice faster.
3
How did the system of academic degrees change from 2017?
It moved to two levels: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) and Doctor of Science (DSc).
4
Since which year has the innovative ideas fair been held in Tashkent?