Lessons 22 · 1 lessons · N. Jo‘rayev, A. Zamonov. History of Uzbekistan (the period of independence): textbook for Grade 11 pupils of secondary schools and for secondary specialised and vocational institutions. 1st edition. G‘afur G‘ulom Publishing and Printing Creative House, Tashkent, 2018
22
Multilateral cooperation in regional organisations
Textbook: pp. 136–140
GoalDescribe Uzbekistan’s participation in the CIS, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and financial and economic organisations.
New words
CIS: the Commonwealth of Independent States, formed by former Soviet republics in December 1991 · MDHShanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO): a regional organisation for security, economic and cultural cooperation · Shanxay hamkorlik tashkilotiobserver status: participation in an organisation’s work without full membership · kuzatuvchi maqomiinternational financial institution: a body such as the IMF or World Bank that lends and advises on economic policy · xalqaro moliya instituti
Explanation
The CIS was founded by the Belovezha agreement on 8 December 1991, and on 21 December of that year eleven states signed the Alma-Ata declaration in Almaty; Uzbekistan was among them. The membership later changed: Georgia left in 2009, Turkmenistan moved to associate status in 2005, and Ukraine ended its participation in the organisation’s bodies. The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation grew out of the “Shanghai Five” (1996); Uzbekistan joined it in 2001, the Charter was signed in 2002, and the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) is based in Tashkent. India and Pakistan joined in 2017, Iran in 2023 and Belarus in 2024; a summit was held in Samarkand in 2022. In economic fields Uzbekistan was admitted to the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development in 1992 and to the Asian Development Bank in 1995; it became a full member of the Turkic Council (since 2021 the Organization of Turkic States) in 2019 and gained observer status in the Eurasian Economic Union in 2020.
Worked examples
Example: Turkmenistan has been an associate member since 2005, while Georgia left in 2009; these are not the same situation.
Example: in the Eurasian Economic Union Uzbekistan is not a full member but an observer; it attends meetings without taking on all obligations.
Class activity
Organisations table: for each organisation write the year Uzbekistan joined and its status in a table.
Practice
1
When was the CIS founded and when was the Alma-Ata declaration signed?
By the Belovezha agreement on 8 December 1991; the Alma-Ata declaration on 21 December.
2
In which year did Uzbekistan join the SCO and where is RATS based?
In 2001; in Tashkent.
3
Which three financial bodies did Uzbekistan join in 1992?
The International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
4
How does observer status differ from full membership?
An observer attends meetings but does not have all the obligations and voting rights of a full member.