One-sided industrial development

In the fourth (1946–1950) and fifth (1951–1955) five-year plans large funds went into industry, but according to the textbook most of it was spent on heavy industry, which served mainly cotton growing. Some chemical plants built in densely populated areas (the Chirchiq electrochemical combine, the Yangiyo‘l biochemical plant and others) polluted the air and worsened the ecological situation. Light-industry plans were not met, and the supply of consumer goods stayed below the Union level. Transport developed: according to the textbook, work on the 600 km Chorjou–Kungrad railway began in 1947 (the line was fully opened in the mid-1950s), in 1947 the first trolleybuses ran in Tashkent, and the Kungrad–Beyneu line later linked Karakalpakstan with Kazakhstan; Tu-104 aircraft appeared from the mid-1950s, and the Tashkent ring road was built in 1959–1968. On cadres, according to the textbook, second secretaries, security heads and heads of key ministries were sent from Moscow, while posts such as first secretary went to local people but the candidate was recommended by the Centre. In 1959 Uzbeks made up over 62 percent of the population but only 43 percent of workers, and in enterprises subordinate to the Union wages were 2–3 times higher than in local ones.