☰ خطة العام · تكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات (بالإنجليزية)

Programs, models and predictions

الأسبوع 10 · الدرس ١ «التنبؤ باستخدام نموذج الذكاء الاصطناعي» (١): البرمجة التقليدية ونموذج الذكاء الاصطناعي والتنبؤ · 3 دروس
1

Traditional programs follow fixed rules

ICT Prep 3 Term 1, Unit 2, Lesson 1: pp. 66–68
GoalExplain that a traditional program follows rules written by a person and gives the same result for the same input.
New words
traditional program · a program that follows rules written by a personrule · an exact instruction such as: if the count is 10 or more, use the lower pricesame input, same output · a traditional program gives the same result each time it gets the same inputcalculator · the best-known traditional program: 5 + 3 is always 8
Explanation

In Unit 1 you wrote programs: you decided every rule and the computer followed it. This is traditional programming, also called rule-based programming. The program does exactly what its rules say, so the same input gives the same result every time. A calculator is the best example: 5 + 3 is always 8. In the canteen function below, a person decided the rule: ten or more sandwiches cost 4 each, fewer cost 5 each. The computer does not know why, and it will never change the rule by itself. If prices change, a person must edit the code. This makes traditional programs predictable and easy to check. It also means they are good only when a person can write the rules.

Worked examples
Python
1def cost(count):
2    if count >= 10:
3        return count * 4
4    else:
5        return count * 5
6
7print(cost(3))
8print(cost(12))
Output
15
48
The canteen function has one rule. For 3 sandwiches the price is 3 * 5 = 15. For 12 sandwiches the price is 12 * 4 = 48. Run it again tomorrow and you get 15 and 48 again.
Python
1print(5 + 3)
2print(5 + 3)
3print(5 + 3)
Output
8
8
8
Running the same line three times gives the same answer three times. This is why a rule-based program can be trusted to repeat itself exactly.
Class activity

Write one rule of your own for a canteen, a library or a bus: a number and a limit, like 10 or more. Write what the program does for two different counts. Does anything change if you run it again tomorrow?

Practice
1
What does cost(12) return in the lesson program?
Python
1def cost(count):
2    if count >= 10:
3        return count * 4
4    else:
5        return count * 5
6
7print(cost(3))
8print(cost(12))
2
Why can a traditional program be easy to check?
3
Does a traditional program change its own rules?
4
What does print(5 + 3) show today, and what will it show tomorrow?