☰ Year plan · Science

Sand, water and the forecaster’s tools

Week 20 · Unit 3: Concept 3.2 (B): heating of sand and water, rising warm air, forecasting tools · 3 lessons
3

The forecaster’s tool box

Science P6: Term 2, Unit 3, pp. 26–31
GoalName the tools forecasters use and match each tool to what it measures.
New words
anemometer · a tool that measures wind speedbarometer · a tool that measures air pressurerain gauge · a tool that collects rain to measure how much fell
Explanation

A forecaster’s tool box has many instruments. A thermometer measures temperature. An anemometer measures wind speed, using small cups that spin faster in a stronger wind. A barometer measures air pressure, how hard the air pushes; falling pressure often means worse weather is coming. A rain gauge collects rain in a straight-sided container so that we can measure the depth of rain in millimetres. Radar sends out radio waves and uses what bounces back to find rain and storms. A satellite takes pictures of clouds and Earth from space. Do not mix up wind speed and air pressure: they are measured with different tools. Together these tools give the data that forecasters need.

ToolWhat it measures or does
thermometertemperature
anemometerwind speed
barometerair pressure
rain gaugehow much rain fell
radarfinds rain and storms
satellitepictures from space
Worked examples
Farida wants to know how fast the wind is. She needs an anemometer, not a barometer.
DayRain collected
Sunday night12 mm
Omar leaves a straight-sided jar in the open. After a rainy night there are 12 mm of water in it. He has made a simple rain gauge.
thermometerradarsatellite
A forecaster looks at a picture from a satellite and a radar image together to see where the storm is moving.
Class activity

Rain gauge. With a grown-up, put a clear straight-sided jar in an open place away from trees. Tape a ruler beside it. After rain, read the depth in millimetres and write it in a table. Match each of the six tools to its job on cards and test a family member.

Practice
1
Which tool measures wind speed?
2
Which tool measures air pressure?
3
Which tool collects rain?
4
What does a satellite give forecasters?